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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medications can be a valuable tool for managing anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists have extensive training in the use of drugs and are able to make the right prescriptions to minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, which includes psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first-choice medication to treat anxiety, but they can take several weeks for them to take effect. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders can be treated with SSRIs. The newer SSRIs are less likely to cause adverse effects than tricyclics older than tricyclics as well as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. Several SSRIs have been approved by the FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder. This includes fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa). These medications can increase serotonin in the brain, and can also increase norepinephrine, or BDNF. They are able to be employed in conjunction with psychotherapy or alone. SSRIs can cause nausea or digestive issues, but these side effects typically subside as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. The precise mechanism behind the action of SSRIs on anxiety isn't well understood. However it is believed they hinder the reuptake process of serotonin from the post-synaptic neurons and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gap. This enhances the signaling across the synapses, which reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to decreasing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression as well as other mental conditions that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be incorporated into psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to increase their effectiveness. Contrary to other classes of antidepressants SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. However, it is crucial to follow the prescriptions of your doctor precisely. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it could result in “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to return. If SSRIs don't work for you, your doctor may try another class of antidepressants such as nefazodone, or mirtazapine. These drugs can also be effective, however they have a greater chance of causing adverse reactions than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as eggs, red meat dairy, some fruits and vegetables. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if taking these medications. Additionally it is generally advised to avoid drinking alcohol when taking SSRIs because this can cause more severe adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines increase the calming effect of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA) which inhibits the activity of nerves. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety disorders and various mental disorders. They can be addictive and should be used only for brief periods under medical supervision. disorders anxiety may be harmful when taken recreationally or mixed with other drugs, including alcohol. Medications are often the first thing people seek out when they suffer from an anxiety disorder, but they're not the only option for treatment. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been proven to reduce anxiety-related symptoms. There are a myriad of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This type of therapy teaches you to alter your thinking and behavior to are less stressed. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene), lorazepam (Ativan), and Quazepam (Dalmane). Each has a unique set of side effects, but they all have similar properties in pharmacology. For example, clorazepate is more effective for treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Likewise, lorazepam is better than quazepam. Although benzodiazepines may be efficient, they are not recommended for long-term use as they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a pounding of the heart, sweating, and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for several weeks. However, they can be minimized if you taper off the medication gradually. Benzodiazepines can be extremely addictive and should be taken only for a brief period of duration. In general, not more than four weeks. During this period, you'll need to closely monitor your heart rate and blood pressure to ensure you don't suffer an extreme withdrawal reaction. Talk to your doctor when you're considering taking using a benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are an type of medication that can help to treat anxiety symptoms. These drugs block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, which prevents the hormone from triggering physical responses like heart tremors and heart palpitations. These drugs are typically prescribed to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues. However they can also be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety. When you are feeling anxious your body releases a chemical known as Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself to fight or flee. Adrenaline binds beta receptors found in the brain and heart which causes your heart to beat faster and causing other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are a class medication used to treat hypertension, and other heart ailments. They work by blocking adrenaline's binding action. This can help lower your heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers are quick to work, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines that take weeks or even months to show improvement in symptoms. They are a great choice for people who require immediate relief from anxiety symptoms. For instance, those who have to give a public speech or fly in an airplane. They can also be a great alternative for people suffering from anxiety and chronic heart problems, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers may reduce physical symptoms of anxiety but they don't address the underlying causes. Therefore, they are typically prescribed as a part of a larger treatment plan that includes counseling and lifestyle modifications. They are useful for people who have tried anti-anxiety medication and found it ineffective or caused unacceptable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine the best one for you according to your medical history and your health. These medications can cause side effects such as low blood pressure or fatigue. It is important to discuss your options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) which were first created in the 1950s as an antidepressant, have proven to be effective for certain depression and anxiety disorders. However, they're not utilized as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the need for strict dietary restrictions and the potential for interactions with drugs. Some MAOIs can be taken orally in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin each day. MAOIs interfere with the actions of MAO and increase the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood, and appetite, as well as sexual function. MAOIs can reduce anxiety. However they are more likely to trigger side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings on suicide in a box. In addition to the MAOIs listed below your doctor might prescribe other treatments or medications that could aid in managing your symptoms. For example, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is frequently prescribed to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor might suggest a relaxation method or other home remedies to help ease your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 while conducting research on tuberculosis. It was later discovered to have properties that boost mood and is regarded as the first antidepressant medication. Typically, MAOIs can only be used when other antidepressants do not work, since they can cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention. It could cause a risky reaction that can result in high blood pressure if you take an MAOI when you eat foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is found in a wide variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in shellfish, fish and some dietary supplements. The symptoms of this serious reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, and fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and can cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs, your doctor will discuss with you the foods you should avoid. He or she will tell you to stay clear of eating food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the medication. The doctor will also provide a list of foods that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. Using this food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.